Fish Oil · EPA / DHA Supplement鱼油 · EPA / DHA 补剂

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全球销售第一的补剂之一 · 机制清楚 · 但 RCT 证据近 5 年大翻转 · 食物胜过药丸的经典案例

Three forms + freshness

Stop 1/5

三种制剂形式 + 氧化值

'Fish oil' isn't one thing — the forms on the market differ enormously, and the form directly drives absorption and safety.

① Natural triglyceride (TG / rTG, re-esterified) — the original form inside the fish

Highest absorption (~70%)Mid-to-high pricerTG (re-esterified) — purified through the EE step then re-attached to a TG backbone, giving high purity + high absorption
② Ethyl ester (EE) — the common output of industrial distillation

Glycerol on the TG is swapped for ethanolAbsorption 30-50% lower than TG (Dyerberg 2010)Works poorly on an empty stomach; needs a fatty mealMost cheap fish oils and REDUCE-IT's icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) are EE
③ Phospholipid-bound — krill oil

EPA / DHA covalently attached to phospholipids (PC)Theoretically the best absorption, but each capsule carries little EPA + DHAMost expensive; astaxanthin antioxidant is a byproduct
The point: TOTOX (oxidation level)

TOTOX = 2 × peroxide value (PV) + anisidine value (AV)TOTOX < 26 is the international standard (GOED + EU)Real-world testing: Albert 2015 NZ study showed ~83% of products on shelves failedOxidized fish oil isn't just ineffective — it's actively pro-oxidant, and produces nausea, fishy burps, and elevated liver enzymes
How to choose:

TOTOX < 10 is excellentLook for IFOS / GOED certificationRefrigerate after opening; use within 2-3 monthsStrong fishy taste or nausea → throw it out immediatelyForm preference: rTG > TG > EE

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本站提供科普与一般性建议，不替代医师诊断或处方；有症状或正在服药请咨询合格医师。 Educational content, not medical advice — consult a clinician for diagnosis or treatment.

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